Biosensor Measurements on Diffusion Coefficients of Physiologically Active Substances in Brain Tissue

Three methods are proposed for determining the diffusion coefficient D for several substances in vivo. The results are discussed along with the prospects for using chemical biosensors for examining the variations in D produced by external physical factors (vortex magnetic fields).     

金属包覆多层ATR 生物传感器的理论研究􀀂

利用衰减全反射(ATR)方法进行角度探测,通过改进传统传感器只用单层金属膜激发表面等离子波(SPR)进行探测的结构设计,利用金属包覆波导代替原来的单层的金属膜结构,并从理论上分析了和计算了金属包覆多层ATR生物传感器的检测机理,从而为研制高灵敏度、高解析力的ATR生物传感器提供了理论依据.     

Evaluation of kinetics using label-free optical biosensors

Optical biosensors provide a platform for qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing various biomolecular interactions. In addition to advantages such as label-free and high-throughput detection, these devices are also capable of measuring real-time binding curves in response to changes in optical properties of biomolecules. These kinetic data may be fitted to models to extract binding affinities such as association rates, dissociation rates, and equilibrium dissociation constants. In these biosensors, one of the binding pair is usually immobilized on a solid substrate for capturing the other. Due to the nature of these surface-based methods, mass transport effects and immobilization heterogeneity may cause problems when fitting the kinetic curves with the simple one-to-one Langmuir model. Here, real-time binding curves of various antibody–antigen reactions were obtained using an ellipsometry-based biosensor, and the results were fitted to the simple one-to-one model as well as a more sophisticated approach. The results show that the one-to-two model fitted much better to the curves than the one-to-one model. The two-site model may be explained by assuming two immobilization configurations on the surface. In summary, in fitting real-time curves obtained from optical biosensors, more sophisticated models are usually required to take surface-related issues, such as immobilization heterogeneity, and mass transport effects within targets, into account.     

基于SPR生物传感器的抗菌中药药效评价方法研究

目的：为抗菌中药药效进行实时检测,对药效评价给出定量分析。方法系采用真空热蒸镀法镀金属银膜制作出一种光纤SPR生物传感器,感测抗菌中药作用过程中抗原与抗体各个参数变化,为药效评价提供数据依据。该传感器的应用具有快速、客观、准确、高效的实时检测功能,为抗菌中药药效定量评价提供了依据。光纤SPR生物传感器的应用为抗菌中药药效评价给出了定量依据,有望最终用于指导临床准确应用抗菌中药。     

光纤SPR传感器的信号检测及处理

光纤表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器是目前应用在环境介质检测和生物大分子检测等方面的新型、高精度传感器。首先,以表面等离子体共振传感理论为基础,对系统检测结果进行数据处理,得出采用均值估计的线性模型。在不同时刻与相同环境介质下,检测某一溶液的十组光谱数据并进行均值估计,从而得到有效的共振波长。其次,利用小波分析方法进行信号处理,校正了噪声产生的漂移,对光谱信号压缩处理,以提高检测精度。再通过Matlab进行模拟仿真优化传感系统性能。并对不同折射率溶液如蒸馏水、酒精等进行检测,得到了良好的光谱响应曲线,证明了在检测范围内折射率和共振波长之间具有良好的线性关系。     

Bacterial communities in commercial aircraft high‐efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters assessed by PhyloChip analysis

Abstract  Air travel can rapidly transport infectious diseases globally. To facilitate the design of biosensors for infectious organisms in commercial aircraft, we characterized bacterial diversity in aircraft air. Samples from 61 aircraft high‐efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters were analyzed with a custom microarray of 16S rRNA gene sequences (PhyloChip), representing bacterial lineages. A total of 606 subfamilies from 41 phyla were detected. The most abundant bacterial subfamilies included bacteria associated with humans, especially skin, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and with water and soil habitats. Operational taxonomic units that contain important human pathogens as well as their close, more benign relatives were detected. When compared to 43 samples of urban outdoor air, aircraft samples differed in composition, with higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria lineages in aircraft samples, and higher relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria lineages in outdoor air samples. In addition, aircraft and outdoor air samples differed in the incidence of taxa containing human pathogens. Overall, these results demonstrate that HEPA filter samples can be used to deeply characterize bacterial diversity in aircraft air and suggest that the presence of close relatives of certain pathogens must be taken into account in probe design for aircraft biosensors.

Practical Implications

A biosensor that could be deployed in commercial aircraft would be required to function at an extremely low false alarm rate, making an understanding of microbial background important. This study reveals a diverse bacterial background present on aircraft, including bacteria closely related to pathogens of public health concern. Furthermore, this aircraft background is different from outdoor air, suggesting different probes may be needed to detect airborne contaminants to achieve minimal false alarm rates. This study also indicates that aircraft HEPA filters could be used with other molecular techniques to further characterize background bacteria and in investigations in the wake of a disease outbreak.

     

Determination of pesticides using a low-temperature co-fired ceramic microfluidic platform

The aim of this work is the integration of an improved graphite–epoxy composite electrode modified with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme as a detector into a green tape ceramic microfluidic device for the online amperometric determination of pesticides. First, the operational conditions of the microfluidic system were optimized for the enzymatic substrate determination of acetylthiocholine. Good results were achieved for acetylthiocholine determination, obtaining a low detection limit and optimal sensitivity. The analytical performance of the microanalyzer was evaluated with organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides across a wide concentration range. Pesticides were determined indirectly measuring the enzymatic inhibition effect that they caused. The analysis was based on stopped-flow methodology with a three-step strategy: enzymatic substrate measurement, enzymatic inhibition by pesticide contact with the biosensor, and enzymatic substrate measurement after the inhibition process. The pesticide concentrations were determined by the percentage of inhibition produced. The microanalyzer was used for the analysis of spiked irrigation water samples using this indirect method. The low-temperature co-fired ceramic/epoxy–graphite–acetylcholinesterase microfluidic system showed low limits of detection and adequate sensitivity. The recoveries of the spiked water samples were approximately 100% with relative standard deviation values lower than 5% for three replicate measurements. All results obtained are indicative of a convenient, rapid, sensitive, and economic method for the determination of pesticides in environmental samples.     

石墨烯量子点在生物传感和成像技术中的应用

石墨烯量子点具有许多吸引人的优点,如低细胞毒性、溶解能力强、稳定的光致发光、良好的生物相容性、高比表面积、电子高迁移率和可调节带隙等,因此,适用于构建传感系统和生物成像。根据近几年来,基于石墨烯量子点性质构建的光学生物传感器和电化学生物传感器以及石墨烯量子点在生物成像技术中的应用进行了综述。     

新型碳纳米材料在电化学免疫传感器的应用

近十几年来,随着免疫检测技术、传感技术和碳纳米材料合成技术的发展,碳纳米材料修饰的电化学免疫传感器得到了广泛的应用和发展。文章简述了碳纳米管、碳纳米球、石墨烯、碳纳米角和碳纳米纤维这5种新型碳纳米材料在构建电化学免疫传感器上的应用进展,并对碳纳米材料修饰的电化学免疫传感器的发展前景进行了展望。